Workshop and Working Group Reports (2017 to present)
Joint NIBIB/NCI/SNMMI Workshop on Directly Imaging Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Isotopes (August 2021).
Zubal IG, Capala J. J Nucl Med. 2022 Feb;63(2):23N-25N.
National Cancer Institute Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology: Training the Next Generation.
Kang J, Thompson RF, Aneja S, Lehman C, Trister A, Zou J, Obcemea C, El Naqa I. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2021 Jan-Feb;11(1):74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2020.06.001. Epub 2020 Jun 13. PMID: 32544635; PMCID: PMC7293478.
Overview of the First NRG-NCI Workshop on Dosimetry of Systemic Radiopharmaceutical Therapy (RPT).
Roncali E, Capala J, Benedict SH, Akabani G, Bednarz B, Bhadrasain V, Bolch WE, Buchsbaum J, Clarke BN, Coleman N, Dewaraja YK, Frey EC, Ghaly M, Grudzinski J, Hobbs RF, Howell RW, Humm JL, Kunos C, Larson SM, Lin FI, Madsen MT, Mirzadeh S, Morse DL, Pryma DA, Sgouros G, St James S, Wahl RL, Xiao Y, Zanzonico PB, Zukotynski K. J Nucl Med. 2020 Dec 4:jnumed.120.255547. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.255547. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33277396.
Photon GRID Radiation Therapy: A Physics and Dosimetry White Paper from the Radiosurgery Society (RSS) GRID/LATTICE, Microbeam and FLASH Radiotherapy Working Group.
Zhang H, Wu X, Zhang X, Chang SX, Megooni A, Donnelly ED, Ahmed MM, Griffin RJ, Welsh JS, Simone CB 2nd, Mayr NA. Radiat Res. 2020 Dec 1;194(6):665-677. doi: 10.1667/RADE-20-00047.1. PMID: 33348375.
Pathways for Recruiting and Retaining Women and Underrepresented Minority Clinicians and Physician Scientists Into the Radiation Oncology Workforce: A Summary of the 2019 ASTRO/NCI Diversity Symposium Session at the ASTRO Annual Meeting.
Suneja G, Mattes MD, Mailhot Vega RB, Escorcia FE, Lawton C, Greenberger J, Kesarwala AH, Spektor A, Vikram B, Deville C, Siker M. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2020 May 21;5(5):798-803. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.05.003. PMID: 33083641; PMCID: PMC7557133.
NCI Workshop on Dosimetry of Targeted Radionuclide Therapy
Participants: G Akabani, B Bednarz, S Benedict, W Bloch, J Capala, B Clarke, CN Coleman, Y Dewaraja, E Frey, M Ghaly, J Grudzinski, S Larson, R Hobbs, R Howell, J Humm, M Madsen, S Mirzadeh, D Morse, D Pryma, E Roncali, G Sgouros, S St. James, B Vikram, R Wahl, Y Xiao, P Zanzonico
This workshop, held on the NCI campus in April 2018, covered current patient-dosimetry methods highlighting historical advancements and drawing upon real clinical examples and barriers that impede routine clinical implementation of patient-specific dosimetry. Participants attempted to identify specific actions that should be taken to address these barriers. Presentations focused on action items needed to address those barriers relevant to the patient-specific dosimetry including: streamlining the dosimetry workflow, generating accurate radiation biology parameters, developing relevant radionuclide metrology approaches, establishing patient-specific quality assurance and quality control procedures, and expanding educational and training opportunities for physicist and physicians on topics related to patient-specific SRT dosimetry.
Workshop Report for Cancer Research: Defining the Shades of Gy: Utilizing the Biological Consequences of Radiotherapy in the Development of New Treatment Approaches-Meeting Viewpoint.
Ahmed MM, Coleman CN, Mendonca M, Bentzen S, Vikram B, Seltzer SM, Goodhead D, Obcemea C, Mohan R, Prise KM, Capala J, Citrin D, Kao G, Aryankalayil M, Eke I, Buchsbaum JC, Prasanna PGS, Liu FF, Le QT, Teicher B, Kirsch DG, Smart D, Tepper J, Formenti S, Haas-Kogan D, Raben D, Mitchell J. Cancer Res. 2018 May 1;78(9):2166-2170. PMID: 29686020
The ability to physically target radiotherapy using image-guidance is continually improving with photons and particle therapy that include protons and heavier ions such as carbon. The unit of dose deposited is the gray (Gy); however, particle therapies produce different patterns of ionizations, and there is evidence that the biological effects of radiation depend on dose size, schedule, and type of radiation. This National Cancer Institute (NCI) — sponsored workshop, held September 11-12, 2017, addressed the potential of using radiation-induced biological perturbations in addition to physical dose, Gy, as a transformational approach to quantifying radiation.
Incorporating Radiation Oncology into Immunotherapy: proceedings from the ASTRO-SITC-NCI immunotherapy workshop.
Marciscano AE, Walker JM, McGee HM, Kim MM, Kunos CA, Monjazeb AM, Shiao SL, Tran PT, Ahmed MM. J Immunother Cancer. 2018 Jan 29;6(1):6. PMID: 29375032
To address questions that are critical to successful incorporation of radiation oncology into immunotherapy, the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) organized a collaborative scientific workshop, Incorporating Radiation Oncology into Immunotherapy, that convened on June 15 and 16 of 2017 on the NIH Campus in Bethesda, Maryland. This report summarizes key data and highlights from each session.
Mechanistic links between the DNA-damage response network & immunogenic toxicity in transformed cells.
August 16-17, 2017 NCI Shady Grove Campus Gaithersburg, MD.
Participants: Aroumougame Asaithambi, University of Texas Southwestern; Glen Barber, University of Miami; Eric J. Bernhard NCI; Junjie Chen, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Z-J Chen, University of Texas Southwestern; Kate Chiappinelli, George Washington University; Yang-Xin Fu, University of Texas Southwestern; Stephan Gasser, Roche Pharma, Zurich; Peter Glazer, Yale University; Roger Greenberg, University of Pennsylvania ; Nikolai Khodarev, University of Chicago; Karen Knudsen, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University; Joseph Marcotrigiano, NIAID/NIH; Andy Minn, University of Pennsylvania; John Moran, University of Michigan; Richard Pelroy, NCI; David Raulet, University of California, Berkeley; Joann Sweasy, Yale University; Ralph Weichselbaum, University of Chicago; Matthew Weitzman, University of Pennsylvania;
The overall objective of this workshop, co-sponsored by the Radiation Research Program and the Division of Cancer Biology, was to assess the growing body of evidence suggesting close mechanistic linkages between the DNA-damage-response network (DDR) and induction of the innate immune system of mammalian cells that may contribute to immune surveillance, immunotoxicity and possible to cancer therapy in various ways. The concept that DDR activity and innate immunity may function in coordinated way to suppress cancer cell growth or enhance cancer therapy differs substantially from traditional views that the major contribution effects of DNA damage induced during cancer therapy is solely orchestrated from the nucleus through various mechanisms of cell death such as apoptosis.
The main goal of this workshop was to define possible basic mechanisms that will require further study and characterization and to identify possible therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities in targeting interfaces between DDR and innate immune networks in human cancer cells.
Proceedings of the NCI SBIR Workshop on Molecularly Targeted Radionuclide Therapy.
Canaria CA, Lisa Yeom M, Capala J, Narayanan D.
J Nucl Med. 2018 Jun;59(6):13N-14N. No abstract available. PMID: 29485053
On November 10, 2016, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Development Center hosted a 1-day workshop on Facilitating the Development of Molecularly Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) at the NCI Shady Grove campus in Rockville, MD. The goals of this workshop were to accelerate the commercialization of TRT technologies by discussing the challenges faced by small businesses developing these technologies in a collaborative environment and to facilitate translation of NCI-funded research in the field to clinical applications.
Circulating Tumor DNA Assays in Clinical Cancer Research.
Ossandon MR, Agrawal L, Bernhard EJ, Conley BA, Dey SM, Divi RL, Guan P, Lively TG, McKee TC, Sorg BS, Tricoli JV. J. Natl Cancer Inst (2018) 110(9):929-934. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djy105
Despite the potential for clinical use, few ctDNA assays have been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. As tools for clinical and translational research, current ctDNA assays face some challenges and more research is needed to advance use of these assays. On September 29-30, 2016, the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis at the National Cancer Institute convened a workshop entitled “Circulating Tumor DNA Assays in Clinical Cancer Research” to garner input from industry experts, academia and government research and regulatory agencies to understand and promote the translation of ctDNA assays to clinical research, with potential to advance to use in clinical practice.
Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Mitigate. Report of an NCI Workshop, September 19, 2016.
Citrin DE, Prasanna PGS, Walker AJ, Freeman ML, Eke I, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Arankalayil MJ, Cohen EP, Wilkins RC, Ahmed MM, Anscher MS, Movsas B, Buchsbaum JC, Mendonca MS, Wynn TA, Coleman CN. Radiat Res. 2017 Jul;188(1):1-20. PMID: 28489488
A workshop (held in Rockville, MD, September 19, 2016) was organized by the Radiation Research Program and Radiation Oncology Branch of the Center for Cancer Research (CCR) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), to identify critical research areas and directions that will advance the understanding of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) and accelerate the development of strategies to mitigate or treat it.
Precision Oncology and Genomically Guided Radiation Therapy: A Report From the American Society for Radiation Oncology/American Association of Physicists in Medicine/National Cancer Institute Precision Medicine Conference.
Hall WA, Bergom C, Thompson RF, Baschnagel AM, Vijayakumar S, Willers H, Li XA, Schultz CJ, Wilson GD, West CML, Capala J, Coleman CN, Torres-Roca JF, Weidhaas J, Feng FY. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Jun 1;101(2):274-284. PMID: 28964588
The American Society for Radiation Oncology, American Association of Physicists in Medicine, and National Cancer Institute cosponsored a meeting on precision medicine in radiation oncology. In June 2016 numerous scientists, clinicians, and physicists convened at the National Institutes of Health to discuss challenges and future directions toward personalized radiation therapy. Various breakout sessions were held to discuss particular components and approaches to the implementation of personalized radiation oncology. This article summarizes the genomically guided radiation therapy breakout session.
National Cancer Institute Workshop on Proton Therapy for Children: Considerations Regarding Brainstem Injury.
Haas-Kogan D, Indelicato D, Paganetti H, Esiashvili N, Mahajan A, Yock T, Flampouri S, MacDonald S, Fouladi M, Stephen K, Kalapurakal J, Terezakis S, Kooy H, Grosshans D, Makrigiorgos M, Mishra K, Poussaint TY, Cohen K, Fitzgerald T, Gondi V, Liu A, Michalski J, Mirkovic D, Mohan R, Perkins S, Wong K, Vikram B, Buchsbaum J, Kun L.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 May 1;101(1):152-168. PMID: 29619963
A widespread consensus has been reached that proton therapy should be used for patients with curable pediatric brain tumor to avoid critical central nervous system structures. Brainstem necrosis is a potentially devastating, but rare, complication of radiation. Recent reports of brainstem necrosis after proton therapy have raised concerns over the potential biological differences among radiation modalities. We have summarized findings from the National Cancer Institute Workshop on Proton Therapy for Children convened in May 2016 to examine brainstem injury.
Proceedings of the National Cancer Institute Workshop on Charged Particle Radiobiology.
Mohan R, Held KD, Story MD, Grosshans D, Capala J.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Mar 15;100(4):816-831. Review. PMID: 29485053
In April 2016, the National Cancer Institute hosted a multidisciplinary workshop to discuss the current knowledge of the radiobiological aspects of charged particles used in cancer therapy to identify gaps in that knowledge that might hinder the effective clinical use of charged particles and to propose research that could help fill those gaps. The workshop was organized into 10 topics ranging from biophysical models to clinical trials and included treatment optimization, relative biological effectiveness of tumors and normal tissues, hypofractionation with particles, combination with immunotherapy, "omics," hypoxia, and particle-induced second malignancies.
Workshop and Working Group reports (prior to 2017):
Radiation and Immunotherapy Leadership Summit
National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, March 31, 2016, Bethesda, Maryland. Mansoor M. Ahmed, PhD, C. Norman Coleman, MD, PhD and Samir N. Khleif, MD.
Speakers include: Howard Streicher, MD (NCI), Sofia Gameiro, PhD (NCI), Sandra Demaria, MD (Cornell), Sunil Krishnan (MD Anderson), William McBride (UCLA), Bhadrasain Vikram (NCI), Elad Sharon (NCI), Leisha Emens (Johns Hopkins), Michael Lim (Johns Hopkins), Andrew Sharabi (UC San Diego), Amanda Walker (FDA), Eric J Bernhard (NCI), Ming Lei (NCI), Pat Prasanna (NCI), Carlos Bais (MedImmune), Sacha Gnjatic (Mount Sinai), Michael T. Lotze (Pittsburg), Javier Torres-Roca (Moffit).
This meeting brought together leaders to discuss the latest research and current practices in the use of radiation in combination with immunotherapy. This meeting presented expert opinions about the pressing issues surrounding combination treatments and was divided into five sessions focused on key areas: Influence of radiation characteristics on immune modulation of tumor microenvironment and tumor cells, effective combinations of radiation and immunotherapy, avenues to develop training initiatives in immunobiology of radiotherapy for radiation oncologists and cancer immuno-therapists, and biomarkers of opportune immunogenicity after radiation-immunotherapy combinations. Interactive discussion with audience participation followed each session to further explore the current knowledge and determine the future directions of this field.
Overview of the American Society for Radiation Oncology-National Institutes of Health-American Association of Physicists in Medicine Workshop 2015: Exploring Opportunities for Radiation Oncology in the Era of Big Data.
Benedict SH, Hoffman K, Martel MK, Abernethy AP, Asher AL, Capala J, Chen RC, Chera B, Couch J, Deye J, Efstathiou JA, Ford E, Fraass BA, Gabriel PE, Huser V, Kavanagh BD, Khuntia D, Marks LB, Mayo C, McNutt T, Miller RS, Moore KL, Prior F, Roelofs E, Rosenstein BS, Sloan J, Theriault A, Vikram B. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Jul 1;95(3):873-879. PMID: 27302503
Big data research refers to the collection and analysis of large sets of data elements and interrelationships that are difficult to process with traditional methods. It can be considered a subspecialty of the medical informatics domain under data science and analytics. This approach has been used in many areas of medicine to address topics such as clinical care and quality assessment. Our existing clinical practice generates discrete, quantitative, and structured patient-specific data (eg, images, doses, and volumes) that position us well to exploit and participate in big data initiatives. The well-established electronic infrastructure within radiation oncology should facilitate the retrieval and aggregation of much of the needed data. With additional efforts to integrate structured data collection of patient outcomes and assessments into the clinical workflow, the field of radiation oncology has a tremendous opportunity to generate large, comprehensive patient-specific data sets.
Proceedings of the Second NCI-SNMMI Workshop on Targeted Radionuclide Therapy.
Fahey F, Zukotynski K, Jadvar H, Capala J; organizing committee, contributors, and participants of the second NCI-SNMMI Workshop on Targeted Radionuclide Therapy.
J Nucl Med. 2015 Jul;56(7):1119-29. PMID: 25999432
This second in a series workshop, held October 2014, included individuals from multiple scientific disciplines, industry, government agencies, and international collaborators. The goal was to review what has been learned to date about the implementation of TRT, discuss the most promising agents moving forward, and investigate a path to bring them to the clinic.
Modulation of tumor immunity with hypofractionated and special multi-fraction radiation therapy: Basic mechanisms and clinical implications.
Harnessing the potential of radiation-induced immune modulation for cancer therapy.
Ahmed MM, Hodge JW, Guha C, Bernhard EJ, Vikram B, Coleman CN.
Cancer Immunol Res. 2013 Nov;1(5):280-4. PMID: 24777964
Immunobiology of radiotherapy: new paradigms.
Ahmed MM, Guha C, Hodge JW, Jaffee E. Radiat Res. 2014 Aug;182(2):123-5. PMID: 25036983
The goal of this workshop, held April 2013 on the NIH campus, was to provide attendees with up-to-date analyses that summarize the current status of radiation activated immune modulation and its underlying basic mechanisms in order to better understand where opportunities for enhancing therapy could be explored. The following areas were focused in the meeting:
- Mechanism of induction of immunogenicity in tumors irradiated with hypo- and special multi-fractionated radiotherapy
- Potential for modulation of immune factors in the context of radiotherapy
- Models that will best define the phenomenon
- Collaborative interactions between radiation and immunological sciences.
A special issue was published in Radiation Research journal highlighting the work done by above experts: http://www.rrjournal.org/toc/rare/182/2
Targeted radionuclide therapy: proceedings of a joint workshop hosted by the National Cancer Institute and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.
Fahey F, Zukotynski K, Capala J, Knight N; Organizing Committee, Contributors, and Participants of NCI/SNMMI Joint Workshop on Targeted Radionuclide Therapy.
J Nucl Med. 2014 Feb;55(2):337-48. PMID: 24396032
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) hosted a joint workshop on March 18 and 19, 2013, at the National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Maryland. The event was designed to bring a small but diverse group of stakeholders together to discuss contemporary TRT in both structured and open-forum formats, to assess approaches for collaboration, and to evaluate strategies to bring the most promising therapies into routine clinical use.
Opportunities and challenges in the era of molecularly targeted agents and radiation therapy.
Lin SH, George TJ, Ben-Josef E, Bradley J, Choe KS, Edelman MJ, Guha C, Krishnan S, Lawrence TS, Le QT, Lu B, Mehta M, Peereboom D, Sarkaria J, Seong J, Wang D, Welliver MX, Coleman CN, Vikram B, Yoo S, Chung CH; Participants on Workshop for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Radiosensitizers; National Cancer Institute. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013 May 15;105(10):686-93. PMID: 23503600
The first annual workshop for preclinical and clinical development of radiosensitizers took place at the National Cancer Institute on August 8-9, 2012. Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly applied and effective oncologic treatments for solid tumors. It is well recognized that improved clinical efficacy of radiotherapy would make a substantive impact in clinical practice and patient outcomes. Advances in genomic technologies and high-throughput drug discovery platforms have brought a revolution in cancer treatment by providing molecularly targeted agents for various cancers. Development of predictive biomarkers directed toward specific subsets of cancers has ushered in a new era of personalized therapeutics. The field of radiation oncology stands to gain substantial benefit from these advances given the concerted effort to integrate this progress into radiation therapy.
Lessons learned from radiation oncology clinical trials.
Liu FF; workshop participants, Okunieff P, Bernhard EJ, Stone HB, Yoo S, Coleman CN, Vikram B, Brown M, Buatti J, Guha C. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Nov 15;19(22):6089-100. Epub 2013 Sep 16. PMID: 24043463
A workshop entitled "Lessons Learned from Radiation Oncology Trials" was held on December 7-8, 2011, in Bethesda, MD, to present and discuss some of the recently conducted radiation oncology clinical trials with a focus on those that failed to refute the null hypothesis. The objectives of this workshop were to summarize and examine the questions that these trials provoked, to assess the quality and limitations of the preclinical data that supported the hypotheses underlying these trials, and to consider possible solutions to these challenges for the design of future clinical trials.
Radiation Resistance in Cancer Therapy: Meeting Summary and Research Opportunities: Report of an NCI Workshop held September 1-3, 2010. Glazer PM, Grandis J, Powell SN, Brown JM, Helleday T, Bristow R, Powis G, Hill RP, Le QT, Pelroy R, Mohla S, Bernhard EJ. Radiat Res. 2011 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21740251
Synopsis of partial-body radiation diagnostic biomarkers and medical management of radiation injury workshop. Prasanna PG, Blakely WF, Bertho JM, Chute JP, Cohen EP, Goans RE, Grace MB, Lillis-Hearne PK, Lloyd DC, Lutgens LC, Meineke V, Ossetrova NI, Romanyukha A, Saba JD, Weisdorf DJ, Wojcik A, Yukihara EG, Pellmar TC. Radiat Res. 2010 Feb;173(2):245-53.PMID: 20095857
Report from the Radiation Therapy Committee of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG): Research Objectives Workshop 2008. Okunieff P, Kachnic LA, Constine LS, Fuller CD, Gaspar LE, Hayes DF, Hooks J, Ling C, Meyskens FL Jr, Philip PA, Raben D, Smalley SR, Swanson GP, Teicher BA, Thomas CR Jr, Vikram B, Zelefsky MJ, Baker LH. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 15;15(18):5663-70. Epub 2009 Sep 1.PMID: 19723641
Quality assurance needs for modern image-based radiotherapy: recommendations from 2007 interorganizational symposium on "quality assurance of radiation therapy: challenges of advanced technology". Williamson JF, Dunscombe PB, Sharpe MB, Thomadsen BR, Purdy JA, Deye JA. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71(1 Suppl):S2-12.PMID: 18406928
Hypoxia: importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapy. Tatum JL, Kelloff GJ, Gillies RJ, Arbeit JM, Brown JM, Chao KS, Chapman JD, Eckelman WC, Fyles AW, Giaccia AJ, Hill RP, Koch CJ, Krishna MC, Krohn KA, Lewis JS, Mason RP, Melillo G, Padhani AR, Powis G, Rajendran JG, Reba R, Robinson SP, Semenza GL, Swartz HM, Vaupel P, Yang D, Croft B, Hoffman J, Liu G, Stone H, Sullivan D. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Oct;82(10):699-757. Review. PMID: 17118889
Models for evaluating agents intended for the prophylaxis, mitigation and treatment of radiation injuries. Report of an NCI Workshop, December 3-4, 2003. Stone HB, Moulder JE, Coleman CN, Ang KK, Anscher MS, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Dynan WS, Fike JR, Grdina DJ, Greenberger JS, Hauer-Jensen M, Hill RP, Kolesnick RN, Macvittie TJ, Marks C, McBride WH, Metting N, Pellmar T, Purucker M, Robbins ME, Schiestl RH, Seed TM, Tomaszewski JE, Travis EL, Wallner PE, Wolpert M, Zaharevitz D. Radiat Res. 2004 Dec;162(6):711-28.PMID: 15548121
Education and training for radiation scientists: radiation research program and American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Workshop, Bethesda, Maryland, May 12-14, 2003. Coleman CN, Stone HB, Alexander GA, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Bedford JS, Bristow RG, Dynlacht JR, Fuks Z, Gorelic LS, Hill RP, Joiner MC, Liu FF, McBride WH, McKenna WG, Powell SN, Robbins ME, Rockwell S, Schiff PB, Shaw EG, Siemann DW, Travis EL, Wallner PE, Wong RS, Zeman EM. Radiat Res. 2003 Dec;160(6):729-37.PMID: 14640790
Summary and recommendations of a National Cancer Institute workshop on issues limiting the clinical use of Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms for megavoltage external beam radiation therapy. Fraass BA, Smathers J, Deye J. Med Phys. 2003 Dec;30(12):3206-16. Review. PMID: 14713087
Workshop on partial breast irradiation: state of the art and the science, Bethesda, MD, December 8-10, 2002. Wallner P, Arthur D, Bartelink H, Connolly J, Edmundson G, Giuliano A, Goldstein N, Hevezi J, Julian T, Kuske R, Lichter A, McCormick B, Orecchia R, Pierce L, Powell S, Solin L, Vicini F, Whelan T, Wong J, Coleman CN; Workshop Participants. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Feb 4;96(3):175-84.PMID: 14759984
Operations research applied to radiotherapy, an NCI-NSF-sponsored workshop February 7-9, 2002. Langer M, Lee EK, Deasy JO, Rardin RL, Deye JA. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003 Nov 1;57(3):762-8. Review. PMID: 14529782